introduction:
God has blessed many of His servants with an apparent and hidden countless graces, and among these blessings is the grace of water, this wondrous fluid that carries life in its composition and gives it by the command of God to all living things. God Almighty said in his description: (And He made us from water every living thing Would they not believe) [Prophets: 30], for water is the secret of life and a blessing from the greatest blessings of God Almighty over the living. Also on all creatures, it is the cause of purity and cleanliness, and it is a pleasure for life and soul, and through it the places are beautified and nature wears its best suit.
Definition of water
Water is a partially polar chemical compound. The water molecule consists of a union of an oxygen atom (which contains six electrons in its last orbit) with two hydrogen atoms (each with one electron) with a bond called the covalent bond. This bond is one of the strongest bonds ever, so it is not easy to break and restore oxygen and hydrogen from water. The oxygen and hydrogen atoms are organized to form a water molecule as the first thing that comes to mind is that they are organized in a straight line (HOH), but laboratory evidence has proven that these atoms are organized in a nonlinear form so that the angle between the two hydrogen atoms is about (105), which made some people On the water molecule is the name (mouse head).
On the other hand, we find that the distribution of electrons across the covalent bond between the atoms is not smooth. The oxygen atom attracts electrons to it more than the hydrogen atom does, which gives the oxygen atom a negative partial charge (-) while leaving each of the hydrogen atoms a positive partial charge (+). This bias of electrons, in addition to the non-linear arrangement of the atoms, makes the water molecule an electrically neutral molecule, which is known in the language of chemistry as (the polar molecule).
Many of the properties of water are caused by its polarity. The superior ability of water to dissolve (which is invaluable to living things) belongs to this polarity. With it, water has become one of the strongest solvents, as it effectively contributes to the completion of digestion, blood regeneration and disposal of toxic substances (excreta) in the bodies of both organic and inorganic organisms. Thanks to this ability to dissolve, rivers and oceans can transport salts and minerals from one place to another on the surface of the earth.
These molecules are also bound together to form a water element according to Coulomb’s law (which states that the different electrical charges attract) a oxygen atom (negative) is attracted in a molecule towards the two (positive) hydrogen atoms in the adjacent molecule, and by repeating this process the water is formed. This type of bond is called a hydrogen bond. This link, even though it is classified as one of the fragile, fast-breaking links, but it is also characterized as being fast. And we can imagine the water element as a series of contiguous magnets, if we try to get one of these magnets out of one place and it quickly sticks to another place. Here lies the secret of the force of water adhesion and cohesion, which we are talking about in the following paragraph in more detail. Water is considered the most coherent and sticky liquid:
When a liquid is placed in a container, the bond that binds its molecules to each other is cut off at the surface. As a result, the surface molecules of the liquid appear to be drawn inward. In the term physicists, the phenomenon of the tension of a liquid’s surface molecules together is called surface tension and is measured by the force affecting the unit of lengths (Dyne / cm). Depending on this strength, the surface of the liquid looks like a piece of skin tightened against a frame. With the exception of mercury, the water element has the highest surface tension value among all liquids. This phenomenon is evident when we fill a cup with water at its edge and do not spill .. When we see spiders running on the surface of stagnant water without wet their feet as if they are walking on a solid surface .. In the tendency of water to ball in the form of drops instead of spreading on the surface that is poured on it .. In the formation of that invisible barrier between fresh and salty water when a person is affected by rivers in the seas, and the reference to which was mentioned in his glory be to Him: The strength of this barrier force, which emphasizes the bone surface tension of water. Perhaps one of the most important properties of water resulting from surface tension is the superior ability of water to climb the walls of the container in which it is placed, and the smaller the diameter of the wall that climbs it the higher it is. And known as the capillary property is what allows water – and the salts dissolved in it – the opportunity to move from the roots of plants to the top of their branches, as it is responsible for the blood flow in the small blood vessels in our bodies.
The water is also characterized by its ideal thermal stability, and this property is considered to be the boiling point of other hydrogen elements similar to it in the chemical composition such as hydrogen sulfate, methanol or ethanol. Where these elements have very low boiling points despite their large molecule weight, and if the water follows the same behavior of these elements, its boiling point would have been according to its small molecule weight at (-70 ° C) and not at (100 ° C) as is known (at regular atmospheric pressure). That is, had it not been for this anomaly, water would have been found on Earth and at normal temperatures in a vapor state only !!
Another manifestation of the stability of thermal water is the high specific heat factor. This means that the water needs a very large amount of heat to heat up compared to other elements. If we put an empty pot on the fire, It quickly gets hot to redness. Whereas if we poured some water in it and put it again, it would take a long time for the water to heat up. The specific heat of water is ten times greater than the specific heat of iron. If we went to the seashore at noon, we would find sand hotter than the sea, while the situation is completely reversed at night.
The reason is that the specific heat of water is about five times greater than the specific heat of sand. The water slowly heats up and loses its heat while it is also slowly cooling. While the sand heats up quickly and cools quickly as well. It remains to be mentioned that the specific heat of water is equal to (1 cal / g), meaning that to raise the temperature of one gram of water to one degree of water, we need one cal. Just as the specific temperature coefficient of water is high, so are the coefficients of latent heat for evaporation and fusion, for converting one gram of water at a temperature of (100 ° C) to steam at the same degree we need (540) calories and to melt one gram of ice at a temperature of (0 ° C) to water at the same degree We need (80) calories. One of the benefits of the thermal stability of water is that the boiling point and freezing point of water are used as reference points for most thermometers. Its high quality heat also made it used as a coolant in car radiators and in many factories. Thanks to the high temperature needed to evaporate or freeze water, spring and autumn have resulted in two transitional stages between winter and summer.
Also, the unique density curve, if we take a certain volume of water and cool it, then its volume shrinks and thus its density increases as it does any other liquid.
However, what is surprising in water is that this characteristic stops when the water temperature reaches (4 ° C). If we cool the water further, its volume, instead of shrinking, expands and decreases its density accordingly. Even when it freezes – i.e. its temperature becomes zero shelter – its density will have decreased by (10%) from it at a temperature of (4 ° C).
This explains why the water pipes burst when freezing. Why does ice float on the surface of water and lakes do not freeze from the bottom up. It is a unique characteristic that reflects some of the manifestations of the name Hafeez – Glory be to Him – that preserved marine creatures in the frozen areas their right to life.
Water is the basis of life, and it covers 71% of the globe. Therefore, since ancient times, ancient civilizations arose around water. Various water bodies. They built their cities and villages and settled around them. Water exists on earth in oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, underground wells, and ponds Water vapor, rain and ice in the polar regions.
Seas and oceans (97.32%) make up the percentage of water on Earth, but it cannot be used for its salinity. About (2.14%) of water is stored in the form of snowy mountains as an additional reserve for the land. The life of all mankind is based on fresh water, which constitutes less than (0.6%) of all water on Earth and is in the form of ground and surface water and rivers. But the mercy of the Mawla necessitated replacing the land with the water it needed in a suitable way through the water cycle known as the rain cycle.
Water spreads on the ground in its various conditions, liquid and gaseous solid. In the liquid case, it is transparent without color, without taste, or smell. Water is scientifically called hydrogen oxide. Geologists and astronomers mentioned that the origins of water start from the big bang, where the universe was one mass, so it split into millions of pieces, which are the universe and galaxies, and the so-called earth appeared, then a burning ball floated in the vast universe, the earth gradually began to cool, and heavy gases condensed and exited from Atmosphere and remained several gases, the most important of which are hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ammonium, etc. So the rain started to fall on the ground, and it soon evaporated due to the heat of the lower layer in the earth.
Water is a solvent for vitamins, salts, security acids and glucose, just as water plays a vital role in digesting, absorbing, transporting and using the nutritional elements. Water is the safe medium for getting rid of toxins and waste. All thermal regulation depends on water and water is necessary for energy production. Loss of water affects coma, so a person cannot live without water for more than three days, and it is advised to drink before feeling thirsty, as water is very important in reducing obesity and fat accumulation in children in particular.
Conclusion:
A person must thank God for the grace of water, to fully exercise its right, and to make good use of it to last that grace, since God made water a great peculiarity, in which dirt is cleansed of all that is attached to it from filth, and in it also the believer can perform ablution for prayer and wash as he commanded God, and it forms an integrated environment for living thousands of types of living organisms, as it is a source for obtaining food by hunting the living organisms that live in it, and through it the atmosphere is soothing and gives pleasure and beauty wherever it is located, and it grows fruits and glory to those who said in his dear book: Heaven is water, so bring it out from you as a livelihood for you, so do not make peer revelations to God, and you know) [Al-Baqarah: 22]. It is something that must be preserved from pollution resulting from the disposal of wastewater and factory exhaust to it, and to try to dispense harmful chemicals and replace them with natural materials, and to ensure that they are used gently without wasting, in addition to constantly maintaining water networks and building taps, so the water as described by the Arabs Old “The easiest and most difficult missing.
